Buddhism supports Stoned Ape Hypothesis!
I had been searching for an illustration of how various cultures depicts our mind states. Then I happened to come across the image of the Buddhist "Wheel of Life" on a Buddhist website. The famous wheel of life is an illustration of core ideas of Buddhism.
In then looked at the detail of the wheel's outer rim. And then something dawned on me.
Look closely - it's a bit blurry!
The image is meant to illustrate the third link in the famous 12 links of the chain of dependent origination : the third link is consciousness.
And this is the description of the link on the website:
Consciousness - man or monkey picking a fruit
But now, zoom in what kind of "fruit" that is:
I bet it is actually not a fruit at all. It is a mushroom. And it is clearly a very particular mushroom - it is the psychoactive amanita muscaria / fly agaric.
Here is one:
It has the characteristic shape and the white spots. I leave it to you to verify against Google images of fly agaric.
This brings me to two points of interest.
The Fly Agaric Mushroom as the source of Buddhism (1,000 bc)
In fact, my inspection of the image had been guided by the book "The Secret Drugs of Buddhism" by Mike Crowley. He hypothesizes, that this mushroom and its ability to modify consciousness has been a significant or the most important source for Buddhism. His book is researched with great detail and many illustrations across all traditions of Buddhism.
And, as I have described in another post, for me there was no substantial difference in the two mystic experiences I had in my life: one through Ayahuasca, and one through meditation.
Since finding this illustration, I also found a few reference to "amrita"in a key work of Tibetan 16th century Buddhism.
Stoned ape hypotheses (40,000 bc)
There is an even more far-reaching hypothesis regarding the role of mushrooms for the development of human consciousness and mushrooms.
This is the famous "stoned ape hypothesis", formulated (if not under this name) by Terence and Dennis McKenna.
In this hypothesis, psychoactive mushroom have had a decisive role for the development of human consciousness, human language and human society.
Mushrooms explain, in this hypothesis, the otherwise unexplained sudden "cognitive revolution" that began 30.000 years ago.
I recommend to watch the documentary movie "Fantastic Fungi"
Paradise (1 ,000,000 + bc ?)
Now let´s go back one step more.
Do you remember Eva, who picked a forbidden fruit - a psychoactive apple - from a tree? She picked a fruit that gave her and Adam consciousness of their own state. The consequences are known!
There is something special about fruits, in particular about consciousness-raising fruits!
The Mushroom of Happiness and Good Luck
It hadn't been clear to me that the German expression "Glückspilz" (literally happyness mushroom, and also good luck mushroom) referred to amanita muscaria.
Anyway it is the mushroom of the year 2022 in Germany.
https://www.dgfm-ev.de/pilz-des-jahres/2022-Fliegenpilz
Resources
Till Gebel (Mystic experiences)
Gebel, T. (2020b, June 4). My core mystic experiences with psychedelics and in meditation. Till Gebel. https://www.till-gebel.com/post/mystic-experiences-with-psychedelics-meditation
The Stoned Ape hypothesis
Lamb, R. (2022, January 30). The Stoned Ape Hypothesis: Did Magic Mushrooms Influence Human Evolution? HowStuffWorks. https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/evolution/stoned-ape-hypothesis.htm
Mike Crowley (Secret Drugs)
Crowley, M., & Shulgin, A. (2019). Secret Drugs of Buddhism: Psychedelic Sacraments and the Origins of the Vajrayana (2nd ed.). Synergetic Press.
https://www.amazon.de/dp/0907791743
A book detailing the history of Buddhism as being heavily influenced by the mushroom fly agaric
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/35153655-secret-drugs-of-buddhism
Mike Crowley in Guru Viking Podcast
Brian Muraresku (Immortality)
Muraresku, B. C. (2020). The Immortality Key: The Secret History of the Religion with No Name. Macmillan USA.
https://www.amazon.de/dp/1250207142
Documents the influence of psychoactive substances on Christianity. This book is the pendant to Mike Crowley´s "The Secret Drugs of Buddhism"
The Buddhist Wheel of Life
Rinpoche, P. (2021, March 21). Life Goes On. Samye Institute. https://samyeinstitute.org/paths/holistic-living/life-goes-on-dignity/
https://samyeinstitute.org/paths/nine-yanas/buddhist-wheel-life/life/
Movie "Magic Funghi"
Stamets, P. (2019, August 14). Fantastic Fungi, Official Film Trailer | Moving Art by Louie Schwartzberg [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxABOiay6oA&feature=youtu.be
A documentary about the power of mushrooms, featuring Paul Stametz
(now on Vimeo)
The Chain of Causes and Conditions
Owens, M. C. (2019, July 11). Mahanidana Sutta (‘The Chain of Causation’)7-7-2019 – Lotus Underground – Podcast. Podtail. https://podtail.com/de/podcast/lotus-underground/mahanidana-sutta-the-chain-of-causation-7-7-2019/
This is a very entertaining explanation by MC Owens of the SF Dharma Collective
The Cognitive Revolution
An amusing Washington Post article
Smoking Dogs
Davis, B. (2021, April 23). Wait, Why Are So Many Dogs Smoking Joints in Old Art? We Looked Into It, and the Answer Is Pretty Far Out. Artnet News. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/dog-smoking-joint-old-art-1960204?fbclid=IwAR0OJpmXin71uklTU76qIsZivrpvl6jl0Omk1bB3ZHX55u_8dWklcFsaU_4#.YH9IUNDQWOw.facebook
Tashi Namgyel
Namgyal, T. D., & Callahan, E. (2019). Moonbeams of Mahamudra (Tsadra) (Translation ed.). Snow Lion.
https://www.amazon.de/dp/1559394803/
Longchenpa
Jayasara, S. (2019, April 18). The Last Statement of Garab Dorje (Extended Version) - The Golden Letters - Dzogchen [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99wzfI_DApc&feature=youtu.be
"Finding Rest in Illusion 1"
Minute 9 on Datura
Benny Shannon (Biblical Entheogens)
Shannon, B. (n.d.). Biblical Entheogens: a Speculative Hypothesis. Catbull. https://catbull.com/alamut/Bibliothek/7616docid6743.pdf
Amanita Dreamer
Amanita Dreamer. (n.d.). Amanita Dreamer. http://www.amanitadreamer.net
A personal website on Amanita, with lots of research and practicalities
Amanita Dreamer on podcast
Jesso, J. W. (2021). Adventures Through The Mind - The Other Magic Mushroom: Healing Trauma With Amanita Muscaria | Amanita Dreamer ~ ATTMind 147. Google Podcasts. https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL2phbWVzd2plc3NvLmxpYnN5bi5jb20vcnNz/episode/YzRkNGQxZTctODEyZC00MDgyLWFkODktYWJjNzQwZmEwYTM2?ep=14
https://www.dgfm-ev.de/pilz-des-jahres/2022-Fliegenpilz
/deepl-checked